Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by high morbidity, high mortality, and poor prognosis, while health literacy is the goal of health education and an important outcome of health promotion, crucial for improving health outcomes. Therefore, this paper reviews the conceptual evolution, theoretical models, and assessment tools of health literacy, as well as the current status, influencing factors, and intervention strategies of health literacy in CKD patients. The aim is to raise awareness among healthcare professionals regarding health literacy in CKD and to provide a reference for further research on health literacy in CKD patients.