To explore the current status and influencing factors of health literacy in non-dialyzed chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, and to provide a basis for developing more comprehensive and effective interventions. Methods: 206 CKD patients hospitalized or followed up in outpatient clinics in the Department of Nephrology of a tertiary hospital in Baoding City were conveniently selected from June to August 2024. General information questionnaire, Health Literacy Scale for Chronic Disease Patients, Perceived Social Support Scale, and Positive Psychological Questionnaire were used to conduct the survey. Results: The health literacy score of non-dialyzed CKD patients was (91.04±15.17); The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the number of comorbidities, education level, per capita monthly household income, family support, and optimism were the influencing factors of health literacy in CKD patients. Conclusion: The health literacy of non-dialyzed CKD patients is low, and healthcare professionals should develop scientific and reasonable intervention programs based on their influencing factors in order to enhance the health literacy and delay disease progression.