Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect of percutaneous nephroscopy combined with Green Light laser on simple renal cyst. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted to review the clinical data, surgical procedures, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative adverse reactions, and length of stay of 32 patients who had been admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from January 2018 to February 2019. All patients had been diagnosed with simple renal cyst by imaging examination and met the surgical indications for singleport percutaneous nephroscopy combined with GreenLight laser for unroofing and decompression of the renal cyst. Among the 32 patients, there were 18 males and 14 females, with 15 cases on the left and 17 on the right. The patients aged 38 to 62 years old, with an average of 45 years old. Thirteen cases were hospitalized mainly due to complaint of lumbar pain, and 19 cases were admitted after a renal cyst was found by physical examination. The diameter of the cyst ranged from 4.2 to 9.1 cm, with an average of 6.1 cm. A percutaneous nephroscopic channel was established during the surgery. Once a nephroscope was placed into the cyst, GreenLight laser (energy of 80W) was used to remove the free cyst wall 0.3cm from the renal parenchymal margin under direct vision. After the incision margin was observed with no obvious exudation under microscope, the cyst wall was removed through the channel and sent for pathological examination. A drainage catheter was placed near the cyst cavity. Results: All the 32 patients were successfully operated, without transition to laparoscopic and open surgery. The operations took 30 to 62 minutes, with an average of 45 minutes. The intraoperative bleeding ranged from three to 14 ml, with an average of 10 ml. No adverse events such as postoperative infection, fever, or active bleeding occurred. The drainage catheters were removed one to three days after operation, with an average of 1.5 days after operation. The drainage volume was 20 to 55 ml, with an average of 35 ml. No obvious liquid extravasation was seen in all cases. The length of stay after operation ranged from three to five days, with an average of 3.5 days. Postoperative pathological reports all suggested renal cyst wall. The patients were followed up for six months, and no cyst recurred. Conclusions: Single-port percutaneous nephroscopy combined with Green Light laser could provide significant clinical effect in treating simple renal cyst with minimal trauma.