This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of 3D-printed liver models in hepatobiliary surgery planning compared to traditional digital simulations. It is conducted in three phases: 1. Development and validation of 35 3D-printed liver models, focusing on timeliness, cost, precision, and alignment with digital planning tools. 2. Optimization of the 3D reconstruction process using deep learning to enhance model accuracy and efficiency. 3. A retrospective comparative analysis of surgical outcomes in 64 patients, with one group using 3D-printed models and the other using digital simulations for surgical planning.