In order to analyze the clinical characteristics of hepatitis B and alcohol-related liver cancer, this paper combines the investigation and analysis methods to analyze the clinical characteristics of hepatitis B and alcohol-related liver cancer, studies them in combination with the actual situation, and studies multiple parameters with statistical methods. Different causes of liver cancer have different pathogenic mechanisms, which may make the clinical characteristics of liver cancer different. This study mainly explores the difference in clinical characteristics between hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma and alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Through comparative analysis and analysis of the clinical characteristics of hepatitis B and alcohol-related liver cancer, the study found that hepatitis B and alcohol-related liver cancer have obvious differences in their impact mechanisms. Therefore, targeted prevention and diagnosis and treatment measures can be put forward on this basis to provide a theoretical reference for subsequent clinical treatment analysis of liver cancer.